chapter 13: Breathing Emergencies
A breathing emergency is any serious problem that affects a person’s ability to breathe. It may range from shortness of breath to a complete inability to breathe, and it always requires immediate attention.
Breathing emergencies can be caused by:
- Allergic reactions
- Asthma
- Choking
- Chest injuries
- Infections
- Fear or anxiety
Other triggers may include:
- Inhaling fumes
- Heart-related conditions
- Trauma to the head, neck, or chest
- Smoking
Signs and Symptoms
Watch for:
- Very fast or very slow breathing
- Chest pain
- Coughing
- Noisy breathing (such as wheezing)
- Confusion
- Pale or bluish skin, lips, or fingertips
- Panic or visible distress
- Complaints of shortness of breath
Asthma
Asthma is a common cause of breathing emergencies, especially in children. Many people with asthma know their triggers and carry a rescue inhaler.
Common triggers include smoke, dust, pets, perfume, mold, exercise, stress, or sudden temperature changes.
First Aid Steps
- Check the scene and make sure it is safe.
- Ask the person if they have prescribed medication.
- Help them access and use their inhaler or epinephrine auto-injector if needed.
- Call 9-1-1 if:
- The person does not have medication
- Symptoms worsen
- Breathing becomes difficult or stops
- Loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck.
- Keep the person calm and stay with them until help arrives.
- If the person becomes unresponsive, begin CPR (or Hands-Only CPR if you are not trained in rescue breaths).
