Online First Aid Course

Closed Wound:
A closed wound is a wound on the skin’s surface that does not break the skin. A common closed wound is a bruise, which develops when the body is bumped or hit. A more serious closed wound may be caused by a violent force hitting the body. The person can severely damage tissues, blood vessels and muscles, leading to heavier internal bleeding.

Open Wound:
An open wound causes a break in the skin. The wound can range from something minor like a scrape to a deeper, puncture of the skin. A minor open wound includes small cuts, scrapes and abrasions. Immediate medical attention may be required for major open wounds that are heavily bleeding (i.e., amputation).

1. Assess the scene and check for your safety.
2. Get a First Aid kit and wear personal protective equipment.
3. If person is experiencing:
   • Nose bleed: pinch the nose, tilt the head forward and apply a cold pack to the bridge of the nose
   • Mouth bleeding (dental emergency): apply pressure with gauze to the area, but be careful not to block airway; check for missing or loose teeth; if tooth is out, rinse with water and place in a cup of milk; call a dentist for loose or chipped teeth
   • Minor closed wound (bruise): elevate injured area and apply ice pack or cold towel for 30 to 45 minutes
   • Minor open / bleeding wound (cuts, abrasions): apply pressure with gauze (dressing) to the area; keep pressure on the wound until bleeding stops; apply a dressing and cover with a bandage
4. Activate EMS (Call 9-1-1) if there is a lot of bleeding, trouble breathing, signs of shock or the person has a major open or closed wound.
5. If necessary in severe conditions, provide CPR. If you do not know how, give Hands-Only CPR.