Save a Life: Step-by-Step Heimlich Maneuver Guide
Heimlich Maneuver Guide

Last Updated On: November 29, 2024

How to Perform the Heimlich Maneuver: Step-by-Step Guide

The Heimlich maneuver involves performing inward and upward abdominal thrusts above the nave to remove a foreign object from a person’s airway. Choking can turn a normal day into a critical emergency. It’s the fourth leading cause of unintentional death. Would you know what to do if someone cannot breathe? The Heimlich maneuver is a simple technique that everyone must know. It is easy to learn and can save a life when it matters the most. Let us assess the Heimlich Maneuver Guide here below to perform the technique better:

Steps to Perform the Heimlich Maneuver 

The steps that you need to perform a Heimlich maneuver depend on who you are helping: 

  • Another person who is not pregnant or an infant (under a year old) 
  • A pregnant woman or an infant 
  • Yourself

Irrespective of whom you perform the maneuver on, that person must get medical help afterward. This helps ensure that there is no physical damage to their throat or airways. 

1. Someone other than a pregnant woman 

Read the steps below to know how to perform Heimlich on a pregnant woman:

  • Check if they are really choking: If the person cannot breathe or talk, they are likely choking and need help.
  • Get behind them: Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around their waist. 
  • Make a fist: Place your fist just above the belly button. 
  • Grab your fist with your other hand: Hold your fist tightly with your other hand and make sure that it stays in place. 
  • Thrust inward and upward: Push hard and fast into the abdomen of the patient. The goal is to force air up and remove the object. 
  • Repeat if needed: Repeat the thrusts until they breathe, cough, and the object comes out. 
  • Do not hesitate to call help if necessary. 

2. On pregnant women 

  • Pregnant women are more at risk of choking due to pressure on the diaphragm from the growing baby. This makes abdominal thrusts ineffective. So give chest thrusts, which are safer and more effective. 
  • Check the situation: If she cannot breathe or speak, she is choking. To act quickly. 
  • Stand behind her: Place yourself behind the woman. Do not wrap your arms around her waist. Place your arms just under her rib cage. 
  • Place your hands: Use your hands and create a fist. Place it above her diaphragm, near the middle of the chest. 
  • Perform chest thrusts: Do quick chest thrusts by pushing inward and upward with both hands. Force air out of the lungs and remove the object effectively. 
  • Repeat the process: Continue performing chest thrusts until you remove the object successfully, or she starts breathing again. 
  • Call for emergency help if the object is not removed successfully or she loses consciousness. 

3. On an infant 

Choking emergency is scary, especially when it involves a parent or caregiver. Babies are curious and often put objects in their mouths. When there are babies involved, it is best to know the process and perform it timely and effectively. 

Here are steps to perform the Heimlich maneuver on an infant: 

  • Check the baby: If the baby is coughing weakly or cannot cry or breathe, they are choking. 
  • Position the baby: Lay the baby face down on your forearm. It should offer support to their head and neck using your hand. Rest your arm on your thigh for stability.
  • Give back blows: Use the heel of your hand to deliver five firm back blows between the baby’s shoulder blades.
  • Flip the baby over: Turn the baby onto their back. Make sure that the head and neck receive support.
  • Perform chest thrusts: Place two fingers on the center of the baby’s chest (just below the nipple line) and give five gentle but firm thrusts, pressing down about 1.5 inches.
  • Repeat if needed: Alternate between back blows and chest thrusts until you remove the object or the baby starts breathing.
  • If the baby becomes unresponsive, call for emergency help immediately and start CPR. 

4. On yourself

If you are alone and choking, follow these steps: 

  • Make a fist and place it above your navel.
  • Grab the fist using your other hand and push it inward and upward at the same time. Perform five of these abdominal thrusts. 
  • Repeat the process until you successfully remove the object and you can breathe or cough on your own. 
  • You can also thrust your upper abdomen against a hard edge, such as the corner of a table or counter or the back of a chair. 

When Not to Use the Heimlich Maneuver?

The Heimlich maneuver is a lifesaving technique but is not always the right choice for saving a choking victim. If you use it at the wrong time, it can be harmful. 

Here is when you should not use the Heimlich maneuver: 

  • If the person is coughing forcefully: A strong cough often means they’re still able to clear the airway on their own. Encourage them to keep coughing instead of intervening.
  • On an infant under 1 year old: The Heimlich is not safe for babies. Use back blows and chest thrusts that are ideal for infants.
  • On a pregnant woman’s abdomen: Avoid abdominal thrusts to protect both the mother and baby. Use chest thrusts instead.
  • If the person is unconscious: Once someone becomes unresponsive, perform CPR instead of the Heimlich. This focuses on chest compressions.
  • On someone not choking: Only use the Heimlich for choking. If there’s no airway obstruction, performing it can cause internal injuries.

What Should You Know About Choking?

To perform a Heimlich maneuver properly, you must know what is choking. It occurs when a piece of food, an object, or a liquid blocks the throat. Children choke when a foreign object gets obstructed into their mouths. Adults can choke from breathing in fumes or when eating too fast. 

Most people choke at some point in their lives. It is short-lived and does not pose any danger. Choking can be dangerous and can be life-threatening. A person who is choking may cough continuously until they remove the food or liquid. A person who is choking may find it difficult to:

  • Speak
  • Cough
  • Breathe
  • Make noise
  • They may also develop a bluish tint on the lips, skin, and nails due to a lack of oxygen. 

What Causes Choking?

Children choke when there are objects in their mouth. They do this out of curiosity. Here are common objects that children choke on: 

  • Popcorn
  • Carrots
  • Pencil erasers
  • Chewing gum
  • Cherry tomatoes
  • Hot dogs
  • Candy
  • Whole grapes
  • Large pieces of vegetables 
  • Large pieces of fruit 
  • Peanuts

Adults choke when swallowing food without chewing properly or when laughing while eating or drinking. 

What are the Signs of Choking?

When someone is choking, you may see the following signs: 

  • They may look confused 
  • They cannot talk 
  • They may cough weakly or forcefully 
  • They may lose consciousness 
  • Their hands may be clutched around the throat 

Signs of Choking in Babies

As babies cannot signal that they are choking, some of the symptoms may be different. A baby is choking if: 

  • They cannot cry or make a sound 
  • Their skin may be a blue color.

What To Do When Someone is Choking?

Use the Red Cross ‘five-and-five’ method to treat a person who is choking. 

Hit the person’s back with the heel of your hand five times between the shoulder blades. Next, perform the maneuver five times. Alternate between the two until the person is no longer choking. Do not perform the five-and-five method on a child. You must only give a child the Heimlich maneuver. 

What are the Complications Associated with Choking?

The complications include throat irritation, throat damage, and death from asphyxiation. 

How to Prevent Choking?

You can prevent your child from choking by keeping their play area free of small objects such as erasers, coins, and building blocks. Make sure you chop your child’s food into small pieces. This makes it easier for them to swallow. Discourage your child from talking while eating. Make sure that your child chews well while eating, and keep water handy to prevent choking.

When Should You Alert Your Doctor?

You should seek emergency help as soon as you suspect acute UAO or acute upper airway obstruction. This includes the nose, throat, and trachea. The symptoms may vary, but some are common no matter what caused your obstruction.

Here are some of the most common symptoms of an obstruction: 

  • Agitation
  • Panic
  • Drooling
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Swelling of the face and tongue

Conclusion

The Heimlich maneuver is a lifesaving first aid method to treat someone who’s choking. It uses quick and hard thrusts with the fists on their abdomen to force stuck objects out of the airway. The Heimlich is only for people over 12 months old and pets who are conscious and choking. You can also perform the Heimlich maneuver on yourself. This Heimlich Maneuver Guide helps you learn the common techniques to prepare yourself for choking emergencies. 

FAQs

What is the Heimlich maneuver used for?
The Heimlich maneuver is used to help someone who is choking on something stuck in their airway. It works by forcing air from their lungs to push the object out and clear the blockage.

What do you do if someone is choking?
First, check if they’re choking by asking if they can breathe or speak. If they can cough, encourage them to keep coughing to clear the airway. If not, call 911 or have someone else call. Next, stand behind the person, bend them forward slightly, and deliver five firm back blows between their shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. If the object still doesn’t come out, wrap your arms around their waist and perform abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) by pulling inward and upward just below the ribcage. Alternate between back blows and thrusts until the airway is clear.

What’s the difference between CPR and the Heimlich maneuver?
The Heimlich maneuver is used for someone who is choking but still conscious. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is for someone who is unconscious and not breathing. CPR focuses on chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep blood and oxygen flowing when the heart and lungs stop working.

What’s the BLS Heimlich maneuver?
The term “BLS Heimlich maneuver” is another way to describe the Heimlich maneuver as part of basic life support (BLS) techniques. It’s a quick, simple method to help remove a blockage from someone’s airway and prevent choking.

Does the Heimlich maneuver work?
Yes, it’s very effective in helping someone who is choking. When done correctly, it can save lives. However, if performed improperly, there’s a risk of injury, so it’s important to use the right technique.

Also read:  CPR Certification: Why Should Babysitters Get Certified?

Also read: Recognizing Signs Of Respiratory Distress